Lack of Fusion in Welds: Why UT Is Usually the First Choice, and Where It Falls Short
Lack of fusion in welds is a planar flaw that UT finds best with the beam normal to the bevel face. Probe angles, PAUT, TOFD and D1.1 and ASME acceptance.
Category
Non-Destructive Method
3 articles
Ultrasonic Testing Acceptance Criteria: Codes, Limits and Reject Levels
Ultrasonic testing acceptance criteria by code: AWS D1.1 classes, ASME VIII and B31.3 length limits, API 1104 and 49 CFR 213.113 rail defects, worked through.
Compound Fissure in Rail: Causes, Detection & FRA Guide
A compound fissure in rail starts as a horizontal split head that turns transverse. How 0° and 70° UT find it, and the 213.113 B, A2 and A remedial actions.